上海市徐汇区斜土街道社区卫生服务中心把药品拆零供应发热患者。(受访者供图)
上海市徐汇区斜土街道社区卫生服务中心为辖区内7万多名常住居民提供医疗服务,其中有逾1.6万名超过65岁。在斜土街道社区卫生服务中心,社区医生在现有药品规格包装的基础上,对解热镇痛类药物限定每次开具三天的量,如布洛芬、氨麻美敏片等,所有包装均一分为二做成小单元,统一发放包装,注明用法用量。
“医疗机构拆包装分发感冒药品是有道理的。因为感冒是常见疾病,感冒药大多数为非处方药,价格较低,所以感冒药的包装量通常超过一次感冒治疗所需要的用量。在特定情况下,医疗机构提供1/2、1/3或1/4整包装的感冒药品,可以更高效地用好当前资源,努力满足未来更多患者的用药需求。”上海市临床药事质控中心主任、复旦大学附属华山医院主任药师钟明康说。
药品拆零后,系统设置也要跟上。斜土街道社区卫生服务中心主任颜骅告诉记者,由于目前部分药物一分为二,故收费系统调整单价为原价的二分之一。
除了拆零销售,为了更加精准合理用药,基层医疗机构也在想办法进行超量拦截。记者了解到,一是多渠道科普合理用药,缓解部分居民的恐慌心理。二是医生把关,对发热哨点诊室接诊患者按需配药。三是通过信息化系统对发热药物使用设定限制条件,无论哪位医师出诊,每次开具处方的量都不能超过上限。
“对于辖区独居、失能、失独等脆弱人群和重点人群,由街道牵头,以居委会为单位,落实专人负责,做好人员排摸建档。同时配备一定量的解热镇痛药物作为应急物资,为他们的健康托底。”颜骅说,遇到居民有医疗、咨询等需求,家庭医生将对其进行健康评估,确保合理用药。如居民病情较重的,建议转诊至上级医疗机构,确保医疗安全。
邻里互助,共享药架
上海市金山区石化街道四村里的共享药架。(受访者供图)
“请问哪位邻居有退烧药吗?孩子突然发高烧,需要降温,感谢!”“等我到家了,给你家孩子半板吧。”“我家有美林,就一瓶,可以给你倒点。”
上海很多社区的业主群中,近期有不少这样的暖心对话。共享药品、分享经验、互相鼓励,居民守望相助的同时,还探索出楼道里的一个个“共享药品区”。
今年75岁的楼兴妹家住金山区石化街道四村。最近,她带头在楼道里改造出一个“共享药架”:一楼大门口,墙上贴了写着“共享药品处”的指示牌,架子上放着感冒药、体温计、口罩等药品物品,楼兴妹还拿出家里一张小桌,放上酒精和消毒喷雾等。
楼兴妹的想法很简单。“我们楼老人多,正好我有一些药物,就把连花清瘟颗粒、口罩、麝香保心丸等都拿出来,共享给有需要的人。”
邻居们发现了这个“共享药架”,感动之余,也加入这一互帮互助行动,药架上的药品被取走又被补上,邻里真情不断传递。
“最近,有不少老年居民打来电话,一方面是求助,一方面也诉说紧张的心情。”静安区南京西路街道华业居民区党总支副书记郑璐璐说,社区干部与居民们耐心沟通,同时把居委会的“库存”拿出来,按一盒连花清瘟、5只口罩、5份抗原检测试剂打包,放到有需求的居民家门口。
药品订单,优先派送
“马哥,我们这需要几只抗原,你那还有吗?”“没问题,我让小哥给你们捎过去。”在美团外卖上海环球港配送站,站长马亮的电话此起彼伏。
“刚才求助的是一家我们合作的奶茶店,为保障骑手健康,站里备了一些常规药品,遇到有需要的客户能帮就帮。”马亮说。
马亮说,11月底以来,站里的外卖订单量持续攀升,估计较往常增加了40%。同时,外卖员由于感染原因,只有不到70%在岗。“订单多了,骑手却少了,所以配送时间普遍延长,原来半个小时能送到的,现在要45到50分钟。”
在部分订单超时的情况下,马亮要求站里的外卖骑手,遇到药店订单可以优先配送。“这种一般是有感染的情况,客户急着收货,我们会优先保障。”
在中通快递上海徐汇南站网点,临近傍晚五点仍有不少快递员在忙碌。“我们网点一天进出港有2万多件,在区域内属于快递大户。目前网点60多名员工,阳了大概10多名。为保障每天的快件都能清掉,我们启动了夜间派件,最近每天要干到晚上十点多。”网点负责人杨波说。
目前,徐汇南站网点的中通快递员每人每天要送400多件。杨波注意到,每个快递员每天承担的件量中,大约有二三十件是从各类网络药店发过来的。“这种快递我们都挑出来放在最上面,快递员可以优先配送。”
尽管任务比较重,但很多快递外卖小哥都愿意用“举手之劳”帮助居民。美团外卖员王进表示:“最近我接到一个老客户电话,他想买水银温度计,但附近药店都没有。我说我跑的范围比较大,可以帮他试试,后来果然就买到了。”
由于最近感染的人比较多,很多客户在取订单时,会特地给快递外卖小哥留言,不用当面交接,放在快递架或挂在门把手上就行。“我估计订单高峰期还会延续一段时间,大家互相理解,一定能共渡难关。”王进说。
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() ![]() 大发平台地图 |